<previous The success of Boniface's Jubilee which draw 200,000 people from around Europe encouraged Boniface to believe that final victory over the rebel monarchs was attaineable: " We declare, state, define and pronounce ... that it is altogether necessary to salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman pontiff"¹. This is the beginning of a feud between the French ruler and the Pope: attempt by Philip IV of France at unseating Boniface, rumor that the short lived next pope, Benedict XI died of poisoning and finally in 1305 a College of Cardinals elected a frenchman, Clement V to rule not in Rome but in Avignon [See history].
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1. cited in The World of Giotto by Sarel Eimerl, Time-Life books, 1967.

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